Pushing A Sled with Constant Resistance and Controlled Cadence Induces Lower Limb Musculature Quicker Activation Response and Prolongs Duration with Faster Speed
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
Physical inactivity is rising in both youthful and older people. Such inactivity is problematic for many reasons, primarily because it contributes to overall physical deconditioning. This study examines characteristics in lower extremity muscle adaptations while pushing a sled at constant resistance with three varying cadences. Twenty-one graduate school participants with an average age of 22.8 years consented to place electromyography (EMG) electrodes on their dominant leg. The targeted muscles for the EMG electrodes were over the gastrocnemius (GA), tibialis anterior (TA), and gluteus maximus (GMax). The subject's muscle activation was monitored over three different walking protocols at varying cadences. The protocols were: slow walk (SW, 80 bpm), intermediate walk (IW, 110 bpm), and fast walk cadence (FW, 140 bpm). The investigation results portrayed two main findings: the muscles studied exhibited faster muscle recruitment and a shorter duration of activation when cadence was increased from the IW to the FW cadence. The second discovery among the IW and FW protocols revealed that the GA and Gmax showed greater muscular adaptations than the TA. In conclusion, pushing the sled proves effective in recruiting lower extremity musculature, indicating it could be of great use in rehabilitating individuals deemed deconditioned.
References
-
Borde, R., Hortobágyi, T., Granacher, U. (2015). Dose–response relationships of resistance training in healthy old adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 45(12), 1693-1720. doi:10.1007/s40279-015-0385-9.
Google Scholar
1
-
Bowden Davies, K.A., Pickles, S., Sprung, V.S., et al. (2019). Reduced physical activity in young and older adults: metabolic and musculoskeletal implications. Therapeutic Advances in Endocrinology and Metabolism. doi:10.1177/2042018819888824.
Google Scholar
2
-
Ghram, Amine, Briki, Wali, Hend, Mansoor, Abdulla Saeed Al-Mohannadi, Carl J. Lavie & Karim Chamari. (2021). Home-based exercise can be beneficial for counteracting sedentary behavior and physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic in older adults. Postgraduate Medicine, 133(5), 469-480, DOI: 10.1080/00325481.2020.1860394.
Google Scholar
3
-
Guadagnin, E.C., Priario, L.A.A., Carpes, F.P., Vaz, M.A. (2019). Correlation between lower limb isometric strength and muscle structure with normal and challenged gait performance in older adults. Gait Posture, Sep 73, 101-107. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2019.07.131. Epub 2019 Jul 4. PMID: 31319373.
Google Scholar
4
-
Hyder, A., Swank, C., & Rosario, M. G. (2019). Pushing a Sled: Assessing its Impact on Gait Temporospatial Parameters in Young Healthy Adults [Texas Woman’s University]. Journal of Student Research. https://doi.org/10.47611/jsr.vi.673.
Google Scholar
5
-
Kraemer, William J., et al. (2017).Understanding the science of resistance training: An evolutionary perspective. Sports Medicine, 47(12), 2415-2435.
Google Scholar
6
-
Kraemer, W.J., Ratamess, N.A. (2004). Fundamentals of resistance training: progression and exercise prescription. Med Sci Sport Exerc., 36, 674–8.
Google Scholar
7
-
Martín, G., Rosario, Daniel Heistand, Catie Lewis, Natalie Valdez, Matthew Nevarez, Mark Weber. (2021a). Lower limb muscle activity adjustment and lactate variation in response to increased speed with proportional resistance in young adults. International Journal of Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation, 4,18.
Google Scholar
8
-
Matsuura, Y., Matsunaga, N., Iizuka, S., Akuzawa, H., Kaneoka, K. (2020). Muscle synergy of the underwater undulatory swimming in elite male swimmers. Frontiers in Sports and Active Living, 2. doi:10.3389/fspor.2020.00062.
Google Scholar
9
-
Mitchell, W.K., Williams, J., Atherton, P., Larvin, M., Lund, J., Narici, M. (2012) Sarcopenia, dynapenia, and the impact of advancing age on human skeletal muscle size and strength; a quantitative review. Front Physiol., Jul 11(3), 260. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2012.00260. PMID: 22934016; PMCID: PMC3429036.
Google Scholar
10
-
Murray, M. P., Mollinger, L. A., Gardner, G. M., & Sepic, S. B. (1984). Kinematic and EMG patterns during slow, free, and fast walking. Journal of Orthopaedic Research, 2(3), 272–280. https://doi.org/10.1002/jor.1100020309.
Google Scholar
11
-
Murtagh, E.M., Mair, J.L., Aguiar, E. et al. (2021). Outdoor Walking Speeds of Apparently Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med, 51, 125–141 https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-020-01351-3.
Google Scholar
12
-
Osborne, J. A., Botkin, R., Colon-Semenza, C., DeAngelis, T. R., Gallardo, O. G., Kosakowski, H., Martello, J., Pradhan, S., Rafferty, M., Readinger, J. L., Whitt, A. L., & Ellis, T. D. (2021). Physical therapist management of parkinson disease: A clinical practice guideline from the American Physical Therapy Association. Physical Therapy. https://doi.org/10.1093/ptj/pzab302.
Google Scholar
13
-
World Health Organization. (26 Nov. 2020). Physical Activity. www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity.
Google Scholar
14
-
Rosario, Martin & Keitel, Kelly & Meyer, Josey. (2021b). Constant resistance during proportional speed provoked higher lower limb proximal musculature recruitment than distal musculature in young healthy adults. International Journal of Physical Education, Fitness and Sports, 92-102. DOI: 10.34256/ijpefs21310.
Google Scholar
15
-
Rosario, M.G., & Mathis, M. (2021). Lower limb muscle activation and kinematics modifications of young healthy adults while pushing a variable resistance sled. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 16(4), 809-823. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2021.164.06.
Google Scholar
16
-
Rosario, Martin G. (2020). Neuromuscular timing modification in responses to increased speed and proportional resistance while pushing a sled in young adults. European Journal of Human Movement, (44), 50-66. https://doi.org/10.21134/eurjhm.2020.44.544.
Google Scholar
17
-
Shearin, S. M., Medley, A., Trudelle-Jackson, E., Swank, C., & Querry, R. (2020). Plantar flexor strength, gait speed, and step length change in individuals with Parkinson's disease. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 44(1), 82–87. https://doi.org/10.1097/mrr.0000000000000439.
Google Scholar
18
-
Thaut, M.H., Rice, R.R., Braun Janzen, T., Hurt-Thaut, C.P., McIntosh, G.C. (2019). Rhythmic auditory stimulation for reduction of falls in Parkinson’s disease: a randomized controlled study. Clinical Rehabilitation, 33(1), 34-43. doi:10.1177/0269215518788615.
Google Scholar
19
-
Wang, W.F., Lien, W.C., Liu, C.Y., Yang, C.Y. (2018). Study on tripping risks in fast walking through cadence-controlled gait analysis. Journal of Healthcare Engineering, Vol. 2018, Article ID 2723178, 11 pages, https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/2723178.
Google Scholar
20
-
Williams, MA., Haskell, WL., Ades, PA., et al. (2007) Resistance exercise in individuals with and without cardiovascular disease: 2007 update: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on Clinical Cardiology and Council on Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Metabolism. Circulation, 116(5), 572–84.
Google Scholar
21
Most read articles by the same author(s)
-
Elizabeth Orozco,
Hannah Joslin,
Katelyn Blumenthal,
Martin Rosario,
Characteristics of Lower Extremity Muscle Activation in Response to Change in Inclination while Walking on a Treadmill , European Journal of Sport Sciences: Vol. 1 No. 4 (2022)